T
Rumeli 城 (루멜리히사루)
터키 이스탄불
터키 이스탄풀의 보스포러스 해협 유럽쪽에 위치한
루멜리 히사르 성은 오스만 터키 제국 초기에 건축한 성으로
걸림돌이 되어온 콘스탄티노플을 정복하기 위해
오스만 터키 제국 메흐멧 2세에 의해 1452년 7월, 축조된 것이다.
이로써 실크로드의 마지막 관문인 보스포러스 통행권을 장악하여
흑해로부터의 위협을 차단하고, 비잔틴 제국에
경제적 압박을 가할 수 있게 되었다.
천 년을 지켜 온 비잔틴 제국의 수호를 위해 콘스탄티노플 군대는
최선을 다했지만 비잔틴 제국은 세계에서 가장 긴
1000년 제국으로서 기록을 남긴 채 역사의 뒤안길로 사라졌다.
이 성채의 너비는 남북으로 250미터, 동서로 130미터이다.
이 곳에는 지금도 당시의 전투에 사용되었던 대포가 전시되어 있다.
전략적 요새로 오스만에게는 환희의 승리를, 비잔틴에게는 비운의
종말을 안겨다 준 이 성채는 지금 관광명소로
여름에는 터키인들의 콘서트장으로 사용되고 있다.
he idea of a bridge crossing the Bosphorus dates back to antiquity. For Emperor Darius I The Great of Persia (522 BC - 485 BC), as recorded by the Greek writer Herodotus in his Histories, Mandrocles of Samos once engineered a pontoon bridge that stretched across the Bosphorus, linking Asia to Europe, so that Darius could pursue the fleeing Scythians as well as move his army into position in the Balkans to overwhelm Macedon.[1] The first project for a permanent bridge across the Bosphorus was proposed to Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II by the Bosphorus Railroad Company in 1900, which included a rail link between the continents.[2]
The decision to build a bridge across the Bosphorus was taken in 1957 by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. For the structural engineering work, a contract was signed with the British firm Freeman Fox & Partners in 1968. The bridge was designed by the renowned British civil engineers Sir Gilbert Roberts and William Brown who also designed the Humber Bridge, Severn Bridge, Forth Road Bridge, Auckland Harbour Bridge and the Volta River Bridge. The construction started in February 1970, the ceremonies were attended by President Cevdet Sunay and Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel. The construction was carried out by the Turkish firm Enka Construction & Industry Co. along with the co-contractors Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Co. Ltd. (England) and Hochtief AG (Germany). Thirty-five engineers and 400 men worked on the project.
The bridge was completed on 30 October 1973, one day after the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Turkey, and opened by President Fahri Korutürk and Prime Minister Naim Talu. The cost of the bridge amounted to USD 200 million.
At the time the bridge was opened, much was made of its being the first bridge between Europe and Asia since the pontoon bridge of Xerxes in 480 BCE. That bridge, however, spanned the Hellespont (Dardanelles), some distance away from the Bosphorus.