아쉬하바트에서 Massandra Wine 을 만나다.
2007년 우크라이나 크림산으로 되어 있다.
Massandra Winery 는 1894년 Prince Lev Golitsyn이 설립하였다.
소비예트연방 시절에는 스탈린의 별장으로도 사용되었다.
2014년 크림반도가 우크라이나로부터 러시아로 합병되었으니 2015년산부터는 러시아 크림산으로
표기될 비운의 ...
Massandra
| Massandra Массандра – Масандра | |
|---|---|
.svg)  Massandra | |
 Massandra | |
Coordinates:  44°31′0″N 34°11′0″E / 44.51667°N 34.18333°E / 44.51667; 34.18333Coordinates: 44°31′0″N 34°11′0″E / 44.51667°N 34.18333°E / 44.51667; 34.18333 | |
| Country | Russia/Ukraine[1] |
| Republic | Crimea |
| Municipality | Yalta Municipality |
| Elevation | 300 m (1,000 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 7,358 |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+4) |
| Postal code | 98650, 98651 |
| Area code(s) | +380-654 |
Massandra or Masandra (Ukrainian: Масандра; Russian: Массандра; Crimean Tatar: Massandra) is an urban-type settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Population: 8,571 (2013 est.)[2].
Occupying the spot of an ancient Greek settlement (Tavrida-Ταυρίδα), Masandra was acquired by Counts Potocki in 1783.
In the mid-19th century, it passed to Prince Vorontsov Jr, whose father was the governor of New Russia. Enraptured by a picturesque setting, Vorontsov in 1881 engaged a team of French architects to design for him a château in the Louis XIII style. He died the following year and construction work was suspended until 1889, when the messuage was purchased by Alexander III of Russia. The tsar asked architect Maximilian Messmacher to finish the palace for his own use but he did not live to see it completed in 1900. During the Soviet years, the palace was employed by Joseph Stalin as his dacha.
Today, Masandra is known for its viniculture and production of dessert and fortified wines.[3] The Massandra Winery was founded by Prince Lev Golitsyn in 1894.[4] The enoteca of the winery contains about one million bottles of wine.[5]
A minor planet, 3298 Massandra, discovered in 1979 by N. Chernykh at Nauchnyj, is named after the settlement.
Another side of the palace
Massandra Winery. Bust of Prince Lev Golitsyn, a founder of wine-making in Crimea
Main cellar of Massandra Winery
YALTA, Crimea — The cavernous cellars of the Massandra vineyards bear testament both to the tumult of history and to the enduring appeal of the wine produced on Crimea’s steep, volcanic slopes.
Czar Nicholas II founded Massandra in 1894 to provide wine for his summer palace; the double-headed eagle of his seal is still visible on some dusty bottles. During World War II, Stalin ordered the evacuation of 60,000 bottles from the best vintages. In more recent times, there have even been a couple of ill-starred attempts to get American presidents to drink the stuff.
“Czar. U.S.S.R. Ukraine. Russia,” enumerated Valentyn Mytyayev, head of international trade for the vineyard, as he walked among the cellar’s 971,000 bottles.
“Look! Revolution. Civil War. World War,” he said, pointing out significant dates from Russian and world history: 1905, 1917 and 1944. “We were working all the time through history.”
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With Russia’s sudden annexation of Crimea in March, the winery has changed hands once more, lost to the Ukrainian government and regained by Moscow. The one constant, Mr. Mytyayev noted, is that Crimea’s average 300 sunny days per year produce a steady harvest of sweet grapes.
PhotoA 1936 law preserves the cellars of Massandra under state protection. “Massandra is a different country,” says Nikolay Boyko, the winery’s director general. Credit James Hill for The New York Times
Agriculture is a crucial sector that the Kremlin hopes to rejuvenate to make Crimea an economic success story under Russian tutelage. The new administration hopes to exploit the wine industry not least to draw more tourists, blaming Ukraine for neglecting both when it ran Crimea.
“Thank God it has not been completely ruined within these 23 years,” said Yelena Yurchenko, Crimea’s minister of tourism and resorts, speaking of viniculture. “Of course it would be in better shape if there had been investments in this field.”
Actually, while much of Crimea was bemoaning empty hotel rooms and a scant number of tourists, the bedrock of the economy, the team at Massandra was in a buoyant mood. Wines flew off the shelves at their three local stores last month, on track to double the sales volume from last year, they said.
The winery attributed the increase to many first-time Russian visitors’ eagerly snapping up potable souvenirs. The czar’s former winery now caters more to those day-to-day visitors than to the elite, producing 10 million bottles a year. Winemaking in Crimea dates back more than 3,500 years, but the intense Black Sea sunshine means it is most known for sweet wines and sherry.
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BELARUS
200 miles
RUSSIA
Kiev
UKRAINE
MOLDOVA
ROMANIA
Area of
detail
Ukraine
50 miles
Sea of Azov
Crimea
Simferopol
Massandra
Winery
Black Sea
Massandra has been considered a little bit apart ever since its inception. It was popular among members of the artistic high society who summered near the czar. Anton Chekhov brought friends there from his nearby villa. Nationalized in 1922, after the Russian Revolution, it remained a popular draw. Maxim Gorky penned a tribute that was carved into a metal plaque on the wall. But no one is quite sure who visited before World War II, because the Nazi occupiers made off with the guest book.
A special 1936 law that preserves the cellars under state protection remains in effect. When Mikhail S. Gorbachev, as the Communist Party’s general secretary, started an anti-alcohol campaign in the late 1980s, vineyards all over Russia were uprooted. But Massandra was spared.
“Massandra is a different country, like the Vatican in Italy,” said Nikolay Boyko, the director general of Massandra for the past 27 years. “We live according to our own laws and regulations.”
Winery workers made no secret of their joy at being back under Russian control, however. They painted the main forklift in the cellars with the colors of the Russian flag. Mr. Boyko said he could not speculate on the fallout from Western sanctions imposed on Russia after annexation. The bulk of the winery’s exports already went to Russia, anyway, and they will just have to endure this murky period as they have previous ones, he said.
PhotoThe cellar containing the winery's historical collection. Credit James Hill for The New York Times
The management hopes that the uncertainty generated by events in Ukraine will not discourage far-flung collectors interested in its rare wines from the vineyard of the Romanovs. On one recent day, a buyer from London and one from Moscow were expected for lunch. Mr. Boyko said he considered their visit an encouraging sign that the winery’s historical appeal was enduring.
The winery has occasionally sold off bottles at international auctions. One of its oldest, a Spanish sherry De La Frontera from 1775, fetched around $50,000 at a Sotheby’s auction in 2001, Mr. Boyko said, noting that it was considered a bad year for sales.
He described two attempts to give the wine as gifts to American presidents.
In 1987, the office of the Soviet leader, Mr. Gorbachev, called, asking for bottles of wine from 1911, the year of President Ronald Reagan’s birth. Mr. Reagan was then visiting Moscow.
PhotoThe winery’s courtyard. Credit James Hill for The New York Times
One of the winemakers, Galena I. Mytyayev, carried them by hand aboard a plane to the Kremlin. (She is the mother of Mr. Mytyayev, the third generation to work at the vineyard. His great-grandfather moved to Crimea to supervise the water supply for the czar’s palace.)
Massandra waited for word from President Reagan, but none came. A Kremlin source later told them that the sommelier there had opened one of the bottles and decided not to give any to the president.
“But we never found out whether it was because they were too good or too bad!” Mr. Boyko said. “The wine never came back.”
Mr. Boyko, on a visit to an Arkansas businessman who was planning to import Massandra wines to the United States in 1994, handed the man a bottle of a 1946 vintage as a present for Bill Clinton, then president. Again, he heard nothing back.
For both Russia and Ukraine, Massandra wine has long been used to celebrate special occasions, and the winery has been an important destination for foreign dignitaries. The nearly two-inch thick book produced for its 115th anniversary showed pictures of visitors like Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam, Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia and numerous other luminaries of the Communist galaxy.
In 1997, to honor the signing of the Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Ukraine and Russia, the winery added bottles of Massandra sherry produced that year to its permanent collection.
“It is still maturing,” Mr. Mytyayev said.
