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Ketchikan, Alaska

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Ketchikan, Alaska
City
View from a cruise ship of downtown Ketchikan in May 2002. In the foreground is the intersection of Dock and Front streets. The Tongass Trading Company, which anchors the intersection, has operated in Ketchikan since 1898.[1]
Nickname(s): Salmon Capital of the World, Rain Capital of Alaska, Alaska's First City
Location in Alaska
Coordinates: 55°21′00″N 131°40′24″W / 55.35000°N 131.67333°W / 55.35000; -131.67333Coordinates: 55°21′00″N 131°40′24″W / 55.35000°N 131.67333°W / 55.35000; -131.67333
Country United States
State Alaska
Borough Ketchikan Gateway
Government
• Mayor Lew Williams III[2]
• Governing body City Council
Area
• Total 5.9 sq mi (15.3 km2)
• Land 4.4 sq mi (11.3 km2)
• Water 1.5 sq mi (4.0 km2)
Elevation 0 ft (0 m)
Population (2010)[3]
• Total 8,050
• Density 1,850/sq mi (714.1/km2)
Time zone AKST (UTC-9)
• Summer (DST) AKDT (UTC-8)
ZIP codes 99901, 99950[4]
Area code 907
FIPS code 02-38970
GNIS feature ID 1423039, 2419408
Website www.city.ketchikan.ak.us

Ketchikan (/ˈkɛɨkæn/, KETCH-ih-kan)[5] is a city[3][6] in Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska, United States, the southeasternmost city in Alaska. With a population at the 2010 census of 8,050 within the city limits,[3] it is the fifth-most populous city in the state.

Ketchikan's economy is based upon tourism and fishing, and the city is known as the "Salmon Capital of the World." The Misty Fjords National Monument is one of the area's major attractions. For most of the latter half of the 20th century, a large portion of Ketchikan's economy and life centered around the Ketchikan Pulp Company pulp mill in nearby Ward Cove. The mill closed in 1997 in the wake of the passage of the Tongass Timber Reform Act of 1990, which reduced timber harvest targets on the Tongass National Forest.[7]

Ketchikan is named after Ketchikan Creek, which flows through the town. "Ketchikan" comes from the Tlingit name for the creek, Kitschk-hin, the meaning of which is unclear. It may mean "the river belonging to Kitschk"; other accounts claim it means "Thundering Wings of an Eagle".[8] In modern Tlingit this name is rendered as Kichx̱áan.[9]

Ketchikan uses two ZIP codes, 99901 and 99950, which is the highest ZIP code assigned in the United States..[4][10][11] Ketchikan has the world's largest collection of standing totem poles, found throughout the city and at four major locations: Saxman Totem Park, Totem Bight State Park, Potlatch Park, and the Totem Heritage Center. Most of the totems at the two parks are recarvings of older poles, a practice that began during the Roosevelt Administration through the Civilian Conservation Corps, while the Heritage Center displays preserved 19th-century poles.

Contents

[hide]
  • 1 Geography
  • 2 Climate
  • 3 Demographics
  • 4 Media
  • 5 Government and infrastructure
  • 6 Industry
    • 6.1 Lumber
    • 6.2 Marine
    • 7 Transportation
    • 8 Education
      • 8.1 Colleges and universities
      • 8.2 Public education
      • 9 Sister cities
      • 10 Notable people
      • 11 See also
      • 12 References
      • 13 External links
      • Geography[edit source | editbeta]

        A panorama of downtown Ketchikan and surrounding terrain from the peak of Deer Mountain in October 2004. Pennock Island divides the Tongass Narrows on the left, and Gravina Island lies on the distant side of the Narrows.

        Ketchikan is located on Revillagigedo Island, 90 miles (140 km) north of Prince Rupert, British Columbia, and 235 miles (378 km) south of Juneau, Alaska. It is surrounded by the lands of the Tongass National Forest, which has its headquarters in the Federal Building downtown.

        According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.9 square miles (15.3 km2). 4.4 square miles (11.3 km2) of it is land and 1.5 square miles (4.0 km2) of it (29.14%) is water.[12]

        The ½-mile (800 m) wide channel called the Tongass Narrows separates Ketchikan from Gravina Island, where Ketchikan International Airport is located. In August 2005 the 2005 Highway Bill provided for $223M to build the Gravina Island Bridge (nicknamed "the Bridge to Nowhere" by its critics) between Ketchikan and Gravina Island. The bridge would have connected the island of Ketchikan to Gravina Island where the airport is located, so that one can drive to the airport rather than taking the ferry across the waters. In September 2007, after national and international ridicule over the expense of this project, the Alaska government ultimately chose not to build the bridge, and will spend the appropriated funds elsewhere.

        Climate[edit source | editbeta]

        Ketchikan has a climate greatly modified and moderated by its maritime location, featuring an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) which is likened to Scotland or Northern Ireland though with much more rain. Winters are cool but far milder than its latitude alone may suggest: January has a 24-hour average of 33.6 °F (0.9 °C). Summers are mild, as August’s high averages 64.4 °F (18.0 °C). Another feature of the area’s climate is the high amount of rainfall, with an equivalent average of 153 inches (3,900 mm) per year, falling more heavily in autumn and winter. The climate is so moderated that even Tallahassee, Florida has recorded an all-time record minimum - −2 °F (−19 °C) in February 1899 - lower than that of Ketchikan, although Tallahassee averages around 22 °F (12 °C) warmer over the year.

        The record high temperature in Ketchikan was 89 °F (32 °C) on June 20, 1958, and August 14, 1977. The record low temperature was −1 °F (−18 °C) on December 15, 1964, and January 5, 1965. The wettest year was 1949 with 202.55 inches (5,145 mm) and the driest year was 1995 with 88.45 inches (2,247 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 42.69 inches (1,084 mm) during October 1974 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was 8.71 inches (221 mm) on October 11, 1977. The most snowfall in one month was 45.1 inches (115 cm) in January 1971.

        [hide]Climate data for Ketchikan, Alaska
        Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
        Record high °F (°C) 62
        (17)
        63
        (17)
        60
        (16)
        75
        (24)
        87
        (31)
        89
        (32)
        87
        (31)
        89
        (32)
        80
        (27)
        69
        (21)
        65
        (18)
        62
        (17)
        89
        (32)
        Average high °F (°C) 38.4
        (3.6)
        41.3
        (5.2)
        43.6
        (6.4)
        49.3
        (9.6)
        55.1
        (12.8)
        60.4
        (15.8)
        64.0
        (17.8)
        64.5
        (18.1)
        59.1
        (15.1)
        50.8
        (10.4)
        43.5
        (6.4)
        39.9
        (4.4)
        50.8
        (10.4)
        Average low °F (°C) 28.8
        (−1.8)
        31.2
        (−0.4)
        33.0
        (0.6)
        36.7
        (2.6)
        41.8
        (5.4)
        47.1
        (8.4)
        51.4
        (10.8)
        52.1
        (11.2)
        47.1
        (8.4)
        40.7
        (4.8)
        34.1
        (1.2)
        31.0
        (−0.6)
        39.6
        (4.2)
        Record low °F (°C) −1
        (−18)
        0
        (−18)
        3
        (−16)
        19
        (−7)
        27
        (−3)
        33
        (1)
        39
        (4)
        37
        (3)
        29
        (−2)
        17
        (−8)
        5
        (−15)
        −1
        (−18)
        −1
        (−18)
        Precipitation inches (mm) 13.88
        (352.6)
        12.74
        (323.6)
        11.28
        (286.5)
        11.19
        (284.2)
        9.25
        (235)
        7.37
        (187.2)
        7.43
        (188.7)
        10.80
        (274.3)
        14.22
        (361.2)
        22.17
        (563.1)
        17.26
        (438.4)
        15.65
        (397.5)
        153.24
        (3,892.3)
        Snowfall inches (cm) 13.3
        (33.8)
        8.9
        (22.6)
        3.4
        (8.6)
        0.3
        (0.8)
        0.1
        (0.3)
        0
        (0)
        0
        (0)
        0
        (0)
        0
        (0)
        0.1
        (0.3)
        2.3
        (5.8)
        8.6
        (21.8)
        37
        (94)
        Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) 20 18 20 19 17 16 15 16 19 24 23 22 229
        Source: [13]

        Demographics[edit source | editbeta]

        Ketchikan's Newtown neighborhood, between Downtown and the West End, its two largest neighborhoods. First Lutheran Church, at the right edge of this photo, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. East of the church (beyond view of the photo), three adjoining streets were named Warren, G and Harding following President Harding's visit to Alaska in 1923.
        Ketchikan's Liquid Sunshine Gauge. The town experienced record annual rainfall in 1949, with 202.55 inches (5,144.77 mm) measured.
        Historical populations
        Census Pop.
        1890 40
        1900 459 1,047.5%
        1910 1,613 251.4%
        1920 2,458 52.4%
        1930 3,796 54.4%
        1940 4,695 23.7%
        1950 5,305 13.0%
        1960 6,483 22.2%
        1970 6,994 7.9%
        1980 7,198 2.9%
        1990 8,263 14.8%
        2000 7,922 −4.1%
        2010 8,050 1.6%
        Est. 2011 8,119 0.9%
        source:[14]

        As of 2010, there were 8,050 people, 3,259 households, and 1,885 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,829.5 per square mile (714.1/km²). It is the most densely populated city in Alaska.[citation needed] There were 3,731 housing units at an average density of 848.0 per square mile (330.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 60.7% White, 16.7% Native American (8.3% Tlingit-Haida, 1.9% Tsimshian), 10.8% Asian (9.4% Filipino), 10.0% from two or more races, 0.8% Black or African American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, and 0.7% some other race. 4.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino (2.6% Mexican) of any race.[15][16][17]

        There were 3,259 households. 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were headed by married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41, and the average family size was 3.07.[15]

        The population is spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.7 years. For every 100 females there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.[18]

        For the period 2007-11, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $49,313, and the median income for a family was $68,431. The per capita income for the city was $27,107. About 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line.[19] 90.0% spoke English, 5.98% Tagalog, 1.81% Spanish, and 0.7% Tsimshian as their first language.[20]

        Media[edit source | editbeta]

        Ketchikan sign, which arches over Mission Street. Front Street is in the immediate foreground.

        Ketchikan is home to the radio stations KTKN, KGTW, KFMJ, and KRBD.

        Ketchikan also houses the publishing offices of the Ketchikan Daily News. The region has local television programming provided by Ketchikan Public Utilities CommVision, which boasts 12 local channels of constantly updating entertainment, borough assembly, city council, school board, and planning commission meetings, Southeast Alaska programming, Ketchikan High School sports and events, local history, gardening and scenes, and a calendar of upcoming local events; local television signals are also translations of Seattle and Anchorage stations.

        Several movies have been shot in Ketchikan, including The Silver Horde, Spawn of the North, Timber Tramps and Cry Vengeance, plus episodes of the television programs The Love Boat and Baywatch.[21] The National Geographic Channel series Alaska Wing Men in the episode "Fatal Crash"[22] follows a National Transportation Safety Board investigator's site visit of a July 2010 bush pilot fatal crash near Ketchikan.[23]

        Government and infrastructure[edit source | editbeta]

        The City of Ketchikan operates under a council-manager form of government.

        The Alaska Marine Highway System has its headquarters in Ketchikan.[24]

        Ketchikan has long loomed heavy in Alaska's political landscape, though increasing population in Southcentral Alaska has led to a diminishment of its influence since the 1980s. Following a round of redistricting, the convening of the 28th Alaska State Legislature in January 2013 marked the first time in the state's history that no residents of Ketchikan or the surrounding area serve as members of the Alaska Legislature. Ketchikan is currently represented in the Alaska Senate by Bert Stedman, who lives in Sitka, and in the Alaska House of Representatives by Peggy Wilson, who lives in Wrangell. Wilson defeated Ketchikan-based incumbent Kyle Johansen in the 2012 election, when both were placed in the same district.

        Over the decades, Ketchikan has produced a number of political figures of note to Alaska in general. In territorial days, Norman Ray "Doc" Walker, a Canadian-born pharmacist practicing in Ketchikan, was arguably the first career member of the Alaska Legislature. Walker served in the territorial Senate for 16 years before losing reelection in 1948 following a feud with territorial governor Ernest Gruening. During the first governorship of Walter Hickel in the 1960s, two members of his cabinet (Frank Murkowski and Robert W. Ward) held strong ties to Ketchikan. Following Hickel's resignation, Ward ascended to the office of secretary of state when Keith H. Miller became governor. Ketchikan native Walter L. Kubley, deputy commissioner of commerce under Hickel, became commissioner of the department under Miller. Another Ketchikan native, Terry Gardiner, was notable as the youngest person elected to the Alaska House of Representatives (at age 22), as well as the youngest person elected Speaker of the House (at age 28).

        Industry[edit source | editbeta]

        Downtown Ketchikan, with seasonal storefronts along Front Street shown in the foreground. Cruise ship tourism drives a large part of the local economy from May to September each year.